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## Chapter 5

## Using JMX Connectors to Manage Resources Remotely

The Java Management Extensions Instrument and Agent Specification defines the concept of connectors. A connector makes a Java Management Extensions (JMX) technology MBean server accessible to remote Java technology-based clients. The client end of a connector exports essentially the same interface as the MBean server.

A connector consists of a connector client and a connector server. A connector server is attached to an MBean server and listens for connection requests from clients. A connector client is responsible for establishing a connection with the connector server. A connector client will usually be in a different Java Virtual Machine (Java VM) from the connector server, and will often be running on a different machine.

Many different implementations of connectors are possible. In particular, there are many possibilities for the protocol used to communicate over a connection between client and server.

A connector server usually has an address, used to establish connections between connector clients and the connector server. Alternatively, some connectors can provide connection stubs to establish connections. The way in which connections are established depends on the discovery and lookup technology that you use (see Chapter 6, "Discovery and Lookup Services").

This chapter outlines the different types of connector defined by the JMX Remote API specification and the protocols they use, in the following sections:

- "RMI Connector": This standard Remote Method Invocation (RMI) protocol must be supported by every implementation that conforms to the JMX Remote API standard.
- "Generic Connector": The JMX Remote API standard also defines an optional protocol based directly on TCP sockets, called the JMX Messaging Protocol (JMXMP). An implementation of the standard can omit the JMXMP connector, but must not omit the RMI connector. The Java SE platform does not include the optional JMXMP connector.
- "User-Defined Protocols": A connector can also implement a protocol that is not defined in the JMX technology.

## RMI Connector

The JMX Remote API standard defines a standard protocol based on RMI. The RMI connector must be present in every implementation of the JMX Remote API.

RMI defines two standard transports, the Java Remote Method Protocol (JRMP) and the Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP). The RMI connector supports both transports.

The RMI connector over JRMP provides a simple mechanism for securing and authenticating the connection between a client and a server. This mechanism provides a basic level of security for environments using the RMI connector. Note that the generic JMXMP connector provides a more advanced level of security.

You can improve on the basic security mechanism of the RMI connector over JRMP by using an RMI socket factory so that the connection between client and server uses the Secure Socket Layer (SSL).

## Generic Connector

An optional part of the JMX Remote API, which is not included in the Java SE platform, is a generic connector. This connector can be configured by adding pluggable modules to define the following:

- The transport protocol used to send requests from the client to the server, and to send responses and notifications from the server to the clients
- The object wrapping for objects that are sent from the client to the server and whose class loader can depend on the target MBean

The JMX Messaging Protocol (JMXMP) connector is a configuration of the generic connector where the transport protocol is based on TCP and the object wrapping is native Java serialization. Security is more advanced than for the RMI connector. Security is based on the Java Secure Socket Extension (JSSE), the Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS), and the Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL).

The generic connector and its JMXMP configuration are optional, which means that they are not always included in an implementation of the JMX Remote API. The Java SE platform does not include the optional generic connector.

Note – If you want to use a JMXMP connector, download the JSR 160 Reference Implementation from `http://java.sun.com/products/JavaManagement/download.html`, and add the `jmxremote_optional.jar` file to your classpath. You will find examples of use of the JMXMP connectors in the JMX Remote API Tutorial included with the JSR 160 Reference Implementation.

## User-Defined Protocols

While the RMI connector must be present in every implementation of the JMX Remote API, you can also implement a connector based on a protocol that is not defined in the JMX Remote API standard. A typical example of this is a connector based on a protocol that uses HTTP/S. Other protocols are also possible. The JMX specification describes how to implement a connector based on a user-defined protocol.

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